

Drawing and visualization

Ibn Muqla is considered one of the most influential figures in the illustrious realm of Iranian calligraphy. Through his unparalleled dedication and creativity, he was able to develop and perfect the six canonical scripts—Muḥaqqaq, Rayḥān, Thuluth, Naskh, Ruqʿah, and Tawqiʿ—thereby leaving a lasting legacy for this quintessentially Iranian-Islamic art.

Mirza Mohammad Hossein Sifi Qazvini, known as Emad al-Ketab, is considered one of the most prominent figures in the history of Iranian calligraphy in the Nastaʿlīq style and the final link in the golden chain of the old masters of this distinguished Iranian-Islamic art. Living during the Constitutional Revolution era, he used his exceptional talent, abundant creativity, and tireless effort to serve as the connecting point between contemporary calligraphers and the school of Mirza Mohammad Reza Kalleh.

Mirza Mohammad Reza Kalahor was a renowned and skilled calligrapher of the Qajar era, recognized among the prominent Nastaliq masters in the history of Iranian visual arts. Through his innate talent and creativity, he succeeded in establishing a fresh, distinctive, and enduring style in Nastaliq calligraph.

Mir Emad Hassani Seifi Qazvini is one of the most renowned calligraphers in the history of Iranian art during the Safavid era, whose fame reached far beyond Iran’s borders. Through his extraordinary mastery and artistic brilliance, he strengthened the foundations of the Nasta‘liq script to such perfection that many scholars of Islamic calligraphy came to call Nasta‘liq “the bride of calligraphic scripts.”

Master Hossein Behzad, one of the most eminent contemporary Iranian miniature painters, created a distinctive role in the revival of this Iranian-Islamic national art by inventing a fresh style in Persian miniature painting. Through the fusion of traditional Iranian miniature techniques with modern elements, he produced enduring works that were celebrated not only in Iran but also on the global stage.
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